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CATI: Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing

The Complete Guide to Telephone Survey Research

What is CATI?

Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) is a survey methodology where trained interviewers conduct telephone interviews using computer software that displays questions, records responses, and manages call routing. CATI emerged in the 1980s as telephone penetration reached critical mass and has been the dominant mode for probability-based surveys until declining landline coverage and low response rates (15-30%) led to mixed-mode designs combining CATI with CAWI and CAPI.

Key Advantages

Random Digit Dialing (RDD)

Enables probability sampling without pre-existing lists via random generation of phone numbers.

Interviewer Clarification

Human interviewers can probe responses and clarify confusing questions.

Faster Than CAPI

$15-50 per complete vs $50-200 for face-to-face, with 1-3 week field periods.

Supervisor Monitoring

Real-time quality control via silent monitoring and call recording.

When to Use CATI

Coverage Challenges: Landline-only RDD now covers <50% of U.S. households. Cell phone inclusion adds cost and complexity. Consider mixed-mode (CATI + CAWI) for better coverage.

Ideal Use Cases

  • Probability samples needed: RDD provides known selection probabilities
  • Complex surveys requiring probing: Interviewers clarify and encourage complete answers
  • Populations without internet: Elderly, rural, or low-income groups
  • Rapid turnaround: 1-3 week field periods vs weeks for CAPI
  • Multi-language surveys: Trained bilingual interviewers available

Avoid CATI When:

  • Visual stimuli required (use CAWI or CAPI)
  • Sensitive topics prone to social desirability bias (use self-administered CAWI)
  • Budget <$5,000 (CATI requires call center infrastructure)
  • Target population has low phone penetration

Call Center Operations

CATI Station Setup

Hardware Requirements
  • Dual monitors (questionnaire + CRM)
  • USB headsets with noise cancellation
  • Reliable internet (5+ Mbps per station)
  • Backup power for 2+ hours
Software Requirements
  • CATI platform (PollZapper)
  • VoIP system integration
  • Call recording capability
  • Supervisor monitoring dashboard

Interviewer Training

3-5 day training program covering:

  1. Introduction & Ethics: Survey purpose, confidentiality, informed consent
  2. Questionnaire Review: Question-by-question briefing, acceptable probes
  3. CATI Software: Navigation, disposition codes, note-taking
  4. Mock Interviews: Practice calls with feedback
  5. Certification: Observed calls, passing score requirement

Quality Monitoring

  • Silent monitoring: Supervisors listen live without being heard (10-15% of calls)
  • Call recording: Random sample reviewed for quality (5% typical)
  • Verification calls: Re-contact 10% of respondents to confirm interview occurred
  • Performance metrics: Interview duration, refusal rate, data quality scores

Predictive Dialing

Predictive dialers automatically dial multiple phone numbers per available interviewer, predicting when operators will become available based on call patterns. This increases interviewer productivity by 200-300% compared to manual dialing.

How Predictive Dialing Works

  1. Algorithm predicts: When current calls will end based on historical duration
  2. Dials ahead: Places calls 10-30 seconds before interviewer available
  3. Filters non-answers: Busy signals, no answers, answering machines detected and dropped
  4. Routes live answers: Connects answered calls to available interviewers immediately

Pacing Ratio Optimization

Pacing ratio = calls dialed per available interviewer. Higher ratios increase productivity but risk abandoned calls.

Pacing Ratio Productivity Abandoned Call Risk When to Use
1.5:1 Low Minimal (<1%) New campaigns, compliance-sensitive
2.5:1 Medium Low (2-3%) Standard surveys
3.5:1 High Moderate (4-5%) High contact rates, experienced team
>4:1 Very High High (>5%) Avoid - regulatory violations

Regulatory Compliance

Critical: Abandoned Call Limits

FTC/FCC regulations require:

  • Max 3% abandoned calls per campaign per 30 days
  • Connect within 2 seconds or call is "abandoned"
  • Pre-recorded message if call answered but no interviewer available
  • Do Not Call list scrubbing before dialing

Interview Quality & Interviewer Effects

Standardization Techniques

Interviewers must read questions exactly as written to minimize interviewer effects (2-8% of variance):

Do:
  • Read questions verbatim
  • Use neutral probes ("Could you tell me more?")
  • Maintain consistent pace and tone
  • Repeat question if respondent asks
  • Stay neutral on all topics
Don't:
  • Paraphrase or simplify questions
  • Suggest answers or show agreement
  • Rush respondents or show impatience
  • Share personal opinions
  • Skip questions without permission

Refusal Conversion

Professional techniques to convert soft refusals (15-20% success rate):

  • Acknowledge concerns: "I understand you're busy..."
  • Emphasize importance: "Your opinion helps shape policy..."
  • Offer flexibility: "Would tomorrow evening be better?"
  • Assure confidentiality: "Your answers are completely anonymous"
  • Know when to stop: Respect firm refusals

CATI in PollZapper

Professional CATI Platform

PollZapper provides integrated CATI infrastructure including predictive dialing, operator dashboards, supervisor monitoring, call recording, and real-time reporting.

Operator Dashboard
  • Questionnaire display with skip logic
  • Respondent information panel
  • Call disposition buttons
  • Callback scheduling
  • Performance metrics
Supervisor Controls
  • Live call monitoring (whisper, barge-in)
  • Operator performance dashboard
  • Call recording access
  • Quality scoring
  • Real-time alerts
Predictive Dialing
  • Configurable pacing ratios
  • Automated DNC list scrubbing
  • Answering machine detection
  • Abandoned call monitoring
  • FTC compliance reporting
Sample Management
  • RDD frame generation
  • Phone list upload
  • Automatic call attempt limits
  • Time zone optimization
  • Priority queuing

Ready for Professional CATI Operations?

PollZapper's CATI platform includes predictive dialing, operator training tools, supervisor monitoring, and compliance management. From 100-interview local surveys to 5,000-interview national polls.

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